الفيضانات بالمجالات الساحلية: حالة ساحل المضيق-الفنيدق بين التحولات الهيدرومناخية والتوسع العمراني

Abstract

The M'diq–Fnideq coastal area has experienced a significant increase in flood frequency in recent years as a result of a complex interaction between climate variability, the hydrological characteristics of small catchments, and increasing urban pressure. This region has become increasingly exposed to extreme rainfall events characterized by high intensity and short duration, which contribute to higher surface runoff and rapid hydrological responses within small watersheds. In this context, this study analyzes the hydro-climatic system of the M'diq–Fnideq coast, which has become a focal area for natural hazards associated with the increasing intensity of precipitation and the recurrence of floods.

The study focuses on examining the interactions between the natural characteristics of the area, particularly steep slopes and the structure of the hydrographic network, and spatial transformations resulting from rapid urban expansion. This expansion has altered natural drainage pathways and increased the surface runoff coefficient, thereby intensifying flood risks.

The methodology relies on an analytical approach based on several key hydrological events that affected the region in 2008, 2010, 2021, and 2026, in order to explain the mechanisms through which a climatic event can evolve into a field disaster due to the imbalance between water flow volumes and the absorption capacity of drainage networks. The study concludes by proposing geographical strategies based on preventive hydrology and the rehabilitation of watercourses as key approaches to strengthening urban resilience and reducing hydro-climatic risks in sensitive coastal areas.