القرائن عند تمام حسان العلامة الإعرابية أنموذجا

Abstract

        This research addresses the concept of grammatical indicators (qarā’in nahwiyya) and their importance in constructing meaning within the Arabic sentence. It examines the development of this concept in the Arab grammatical heritage, culminating in Tammam Hassan’s theory of the co-occurrence of indicators (taḍāfur al-qarā’in). The study adopts a descriptive-analytical method to reveal the nature of the relationship between verbal and semantic indicators and their role in determining grammatical functions and deriving meanings.

        The research also focuses on the case-marking indicator (ʿalāmah iʿrābiyyah) as the most prominent means of clarifying syntactic relationships, while discussing the extent of its sufficiency when used alone in fulfilling this role. The findings show that understanding linguistic structures can only be achieved through an integrated interaction among all linguistic and contextual indicators, reflecting the comprehensiveness of the approach advocated by Tammam Hassan in renewing Arabic grammatical studies.

      The main problem in Tammam Hassan’s theory of indicators lies in his rejection of the traditional “governing agent” (ʿāmil) theory, which he considers insufficient to explain meaning. Instead, he proposes the theory of the co-occurrence of indicators, as a comprehensive alternative that analyzes meaning through the interaction of multiple verbal and semantic indicators—including case endings, which he views merely as one indicator among several.

      The hypothesis therefore states: the theory of the co-occurrence of indicators rejects the agent theory and replaces it with verbal and semantic indicators, such as the case-marking indicator. The key question is: What is the position of traditional grammarians regarding this theory?