Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Sovereignty: Reconfiguring Human Agency in the Era of Digital Transformation

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping contemporary societies at an unprecedented pace. While digital transformation is often presented as a catalyst for economic growth, innovation, and social progress, its implications extend far beyond technological modernization. Emerging AI systems increasingly influence how individuals learn, access information, make decisions, and construct knowledge. Consequently, digital transformation should be understood not merely as a technological transition but as a profound cognitive and societal transformation.

This study introduces the concept of cognitive sovereignty as a theoretical framework for examining individuals' and institutions' capacity to preserve critical thinking, epistemic autonomy, and informed decision-making within algorithmically mediated environments. Drawing upon interdisciplinary perspectives from educational sciences, sociology, cognitive psychology, and digital governance, the paper explores the opportunities and risks associated with AI-driven transformation.

To operationalize the concept, an exploratory survey was conducted using a simulated sample of 312 participants representing students, educators, researchers, and professionals in Morocco. Findings indicate widespread adoption of AI tools, accompanied by growing concerns regarding cognitive dependency, information reliability, algorithmic influence, and declining critical engagement with knowledge sources.

The paper proposes a Human-Centered Digital Transformation Framework integrating digital literacy, ethical governance, cognitive resilience, and AI accountability. It argues that future digital policies should prioritize the development of human capabilities rather than focusing exclusively on technological efficiency. The study contributes to current debates by positioning cognitive sovereignty as a strategic objective for sustainable digital societies.