مقومات الحجاج اللغوي لدى ابن تيمية وأثرها في تصورهم الديني لثنائية العقل والنقل

Abstract

This study examines the argumentative and linguistic foundations of Ibn Taymiyya’s thought, starting from the complex cultural and intellectual environment in which his project emerged. This environment was marked by the interaction of Sufi gnosis, Peripatetic philosophy, Aristotelian logic, and various kalām and legal schools in both the Eastern and Western Islamic worlds. The research shows how Ibn Taymiyya adopted the Ḥanbalī school as the basis for his legal reasoning, through his critique of analogical reasoning (qiyās) and its limits, his position on divine decree (qaḍāʾ wa-qadar), and his rejection of speculative theology (kalām) when it becomes a tool for generating distorted conceptions of creed. The study also explores the nature of linguistic activity in the religious text according to Ibn Taymiyya, highlighting the centrality of verbal definitions (ḥudūd), the link between linguistic and sharʿī boundaries, and his distinction between different types of expressions in terms of clarity and need for explanation. It then analyzes his view on the origin of language, where he rejects the primacy of conventional agreement or full divine “stipulation” (tawqīf), and instead emphasizes an inspirational origin supported by actual usage as the primary criterion of meaning. Finally, the study clarifies his stance on terminological ambiguity and his rules for interpretation, showing that linguistic argumentation in Ibn Taymiyya’s thought rests on the convergence of Arabic usage, revealed text, and speaker intention, in a way that safeguards both doctrinal soundness and linguistic precision.