أخلاقيات الذكاء الاصطناعي وتحديات التنظيم

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the problematic of legal and ethical regulation of artificial intelligence, in light of unprecedented technological acceleration and the sluggishness of traditional legislative processes. The article adopts an integrative approach combining descriptive-analytical and comparative methodologies to examine the normative foundations of AI governance and the challenges of legal regulation, through comparing three major regulatory models: the European model based on strict legislation (the EU AI Act 2024), the American model based on flexible guidelines, and the Chinese model based on centralized directives. The article also addresses Arab efforts in AI governance, highlighting the Islamic ethical dimension as an additional normative source. The article concludes that effective regulation cannot be achieved through law alone, but requires a comprehensive approach combining ethics (as a normative framework preceding legislation), law (as a binding instrument), flexible multi-level governance, and international cooperation. The article offers a set of practical recommendations at national, Arab, and international levels to ensure a balance between protecting fundamental rights and fostering technological innovation.